Palas
presents a challenging physical and social environment for
agricultural development. A population of 60,000+ people is
scattered in diffuse villages over 1300 sq km of some of the
world's most rugged and remote mountain terrain. Many villages
lie two or more days' trek from the road-head. Transhumance
(the seasonal movement of the entire population) and a prevalence
of violent disputes (mostly over land) complicate training
and extension. Agro-ecologically, higher altitude land in
Palas present difficulties for the introduction of improved
crop varieties, while a wide range of improved varieties are
available for lower altitudes.
Palas is not self-sufficient in food, crop
varieties are not improved and yields very poor. Cropping
practices and agricultural implements are primitive and knowledge
of improved crop production is very poor.
For most other crops, there is a lack of good seed of improved
varieties (and other planting materials). Vegetables and pulses
are under-utilised and fruit trees are hardly cultivated despite
considerable potential. There is also potential for developing
fodder production on fallow agricultural land and village
margins.
No or very little fertilisers are used and
in most maize areas, fixation of phosphate is a problem, with
low concentrations of soil phosphates. Farmyard manure (FYM)
is not properly stored, but rather added fresh to the soil.
Traditionally Farm Yard Manure is the main source of soil
fertility. There is no custom of spraying and in general therefore
no protection against pests and diseases. Very primitive agricultural
implements are used, however in recent years, ploughing of
land by tractor has started in Badakot.
A lack of modern agricultural knowledge extends
to most aspects of crop production, and farmers are unable
to resolve problems for themselves. Agricultural support services
are almost non-existent and poor access and rugged terrain
make the import of agricultural inputs costly and difficult.
There are no formal rural credit systems, and informal systems
are generally exploitative.
Loans from bank or other institutions are
not applied for or utilized due to the bureaucratic procedures
as well as interest that has to be paid back.
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