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Social
values of Palasi Society |
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Social Setup > Jirga
> Types |
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| Mass
Meeting (Kule Jirga) |
This is Jirga or Council of all the people
in the valley. It is locally held by the economic collusion
of the groups of Darma and Khuka Manka. This Jirga holds
the highest power and collective action is taken on its
decisions. This Jirga is generally called to manage the
local common resources or to settle matters with the government.
It is not easy to hold this Jirga, because due to the internal
rifts between the tribes there is no guarantee of the majority
opinion. However, during economic risks and at the time
of local interests it becomes possible to hold one quickly
since this Jirga has the authority to deal with important
matters such as the local defence, utilization and distribution
of collective resources and disputes.
Since this Jirga takes place on the basis of the local
and economic unity of two groups and since each group has
two further sub-groups and then four clans in each sub group,
it is tough and problematic to reach a decision regarding
regional matters. The clans or tribes use their right of
veto in case of any disagreement. No one has a right to
use power in case of disagreement to a decision in the public
Jirga. Therefore, in case of any disagreement by a clan,
the decision remains ineffective and it is not possible
to implement it. Its holding and decision making can be
effective only if all clans participate in it. For the sake
of implementation on decisions and check and balance, the
Jirgas of a higher level appoint "Zetus", who
are responsible for action on collective decisions.
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Mass Meeting
Qom & Qaim
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Jirga of Qom and Qaim |
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These Jirgas
have assigned powers and resources. For instance, in Kuz Palas the
Khuka Manka and Darma are two opposing tribes. But in Bar Palas
only the Darma group has the traditional right of decision making
regarding the matters of Daro and the internal distribution and
utilization of resources (except of the Khuka-Munka from Gadar and
Kunsher. This Jirga has the backing and support of the participating
tribes, sub-tribes, clans and castes with whose consensus and participation
this Jirga is formed. At some places, the forests and "bandos"
are commonly owned by such Jirgas.  |
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Jirga of Clan (Tabin) |
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In Kolai, Palas
and Jalkot, several clans exist and the castes constituting the
Tabins form this Jirga on local, economic and lineage bases. Although,
a clan's Jirga is lower by two or three levels than a Public Jirga
(Kule Jirga), it has more powers because in multi-group central
system, they have veto power. A few Yashkun and Kamin castes are
also included and economically they are identified with the Shin
clans while their lineage remains Yashkun and Kamin.
Every clan is autonomous in its matters, from an economic point
of view. The distributed forests, land under "Bandos"
and the common land under trees, land of "Ser" and water
mills, etc. are owned by them. This Jirga is responsible to ensure
and entrust defence or provide warriors to its upper groups and
tribes at the time of need or settle its matters with the opposition.
The castes or "khels" included in the clans are relatively
more. Since there are seven to ten castes found in a clan, two sub-groups
are setup within the clan. They are generally called "Tal".
These groups are formed to make the distribution of resources easier,
maintain a balance among them and keep the members organized and
dynamic. The members of clans are loyal to their clans and they
defend their members even if they are opponents. Therefore these
people are distributed over the area, but their economic dependence
stays with just one "Rom" from which they can benefit.
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Caste (Khel) Meeting |
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In the past these people would use
the term of caste to the reflect genealogy of Shin, Yashkun and Kamin.
The people of the same caste help each other in case of enmity, but
now this trend is receding because the external pressure on the castes
and tribes is decreasing, therefore reducing their interdependence.
The impact of this is that the internal rifts are increasing, so among
70% of castes, large or small disputes are appearing due to which
they are avoiding to provide armed help to each other. The penetration
of the government system is also another reason for its decline, influencing
change in their interdependence.
In it also there are the lower groups which are called "Tal"
and "Miras". "Miras" are formed by households.
In other words, with the Shin tribes, the process of setting up
the institution of Jirga goes bottom up, where the lower circle
or household and the upper circle is of the Jirga restricted to
the level of the valley. The elements that make a traditional Shin
organization, are racial (nasbi), economic, regional, social and
cultural, linguistic and religious.
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The informal Jirga |
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In the past these
people would use the term of caste to the reflect genealogy of Shin,
Yashkun and Kamin. The people of the same caste help each other
in case of enmity, but now this trend is receding because the external
pressure on the castes and tribes is decreasing, therefore reducing
their interdependence. The impact of this is that the internal rifts
are increasing, so among 70% of castes, large or small disputes
are appearing due to which they are avoiding to provide armed help
to each other. The penetration of the government system is also
another reason for its decline, influencing change in their interdependence.
In it also there are the lower groups which are called "Tal"
and "Miras". "Miras" are formed by households.
In other words, with the Shin tribes, the process of setting up
the institution of Jirga goes bottom up, where the lower circle
or household and the upper circle is of the Jirga restricted to
the level of the valley. The elements that make a traditional
Shin organization, are racial (nasbi), economic, regional, social
and cultural, linguistic and religious.
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